Abstract: ObjectiveTo learn the status and influence factors of malnutrition and anemia among children under six years in the poor areas of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.MethodsTotally 628 children in poverty areas were selected with multistage cluster random sampling,and their caregivers were surveyed with a face to face in terview.The situation of nutrition and anemia of the children were evaluated by Zscores and hemoglob in concentration.ResultsThe ratio of premature infants were 3.5%.The rate of proper time of complementary feeding(CF)was 4.1%.There were 11.1% and 15.3% of children suffered from diarrhea or respiratory diseases in the previous two weeks.The median of household food expenditure per year was 6000 Yuan RMB.The prevalence of stunting,underweight, wasting and anemia were 3.8%,9.4%,9.2%, and 5.6%,respectively.The prevalence of underweight, wasting and anemia were different in differentage groups (P<0.05).Multiple factor analysis showed that food expenditure,premature and adding complemen in time were influence factors of stunting.Birth weight, food expenditure and premature were influence factors of underweight.Han nationality and age were influence factors of wasting.Upper respiratory disease with in two weeks and age were influence factors of anemia.ConclusionMalnutrition still exists in the poor areas of Inner Mongolia.We should draw up corresponding measures to improve the status of nutrition and health of the children.