Abstract: Objective To investigate the status of knowledge, attitude and practice of influenzaA(H1N1) among urban and ruralre sidents in Changsha and to provide a theoretical basis for community health education.Methods Aquestionnaire survey, including questions about general condition, knowledge, attitude and practice of influenza A(H1N1), vaccination and media requiremen,twas conducted among 1354 perm anentresidents aged14 to 65 years in Chang shase lected with multi stage randomsampling.Results Of all residents, 14.1% did not knowinfluenza epidemic and 18.2%-88.6% knewthe knowledge of H1N1.The rate of knowing that fever will not be necessary when infected with H1N1 was the lowest(18.2%).The ratio of ruralre sidents who knewthe knowledge of H1N1 was generally lower than those of urban and town resident's During the pandemic period, 36.1% of the residents wore masks and 39.3% of the residents wore masks when went to hospital.When having feveror respiratory symptoms, 47.8% of the residents bought drugs by themselves and 24.0% of there sidents covered their mouths when sneezing in public places and 24.7% did so at home.Among the residents, 80.3% were not vaccinated against ordinary influenza and 10.4% were vaccinated against H1N1 influenza.For residents without vaccination against influenza A(H1N1), 37.1% did not want to be vaccinated.Conclusion The knowledge level and protective awareness of influenz A(H1N1) among the residents in Changsha, especially in rural area, are poor.More work concerning health education and vaccination should be done.