Abstract: Objective To study risk factors of hand footmouth disease(HFMD) among children.Methods Ahospital based matched case control study was carried out in Jiang suprovince, which involved 396 cases of probable HFMD and 195 cases of enterovirus type 71(EV 71) in fection.Conditional logistic regression model was used for univariate and multivariate analysis with SPSS13.0 to estmiateodds ratio(OR) and 95% confidence interval(CI) of the risk factors.Results Results from multiple conditionall ogistic regression analysis showed that the relevant factors of probable HFMD included living in country side(OR=1.999, 95% CI:1433-2789), family income(OR=0.806, 95% CI:0.692-0.938), washing hand before dinner or after defecating(OR=0.719, 95% CI:0.590-0.877), having dinner in restaurant in recent one week(OR=1.914, 95% CI=1.019-3.596), and contacting with HFMD case in the recent one week(OR=3.771, 95% CI:2.137-6.654).The relevant factors of EV71 infection included living in country side(OR=2 417, 95% CI:1.522-3.839), washing hand before dinner or after defecating(OR=0.693, 95% CI:0.517-0.929), and contacting with HFMD case inrecent one week(OR=3.942, 95% CI:1.808-8.594).Conclusion The main risk factors of HFMD are linving in contry side and contacting with HFMD cases in recent one week and the most important protective factors is washing hand before dinner or after defecating.