Abstract: Objective To evaluate the relationship between serum leptin and metabolic syndrome(MS) in posmtenopausal women.Methods An thropometry, serum leptin and parameters related to MS were measured among 106 posmt enopausal women in a local community in Shenyang.Results Factor analysis revealed two factors explaining 60.7% of the total variance.The key factors a ssociated with leptin and body fat components included leptin, body fat percentage, body mass index, and waist circum ference; the other factors were characterized by MS components, including waist circum ference, blood pressure, fasting glucose, trigly ceride, and high density lipoprote in cholesterol.Body fat percentage and systolic blood pressure were independent variables for predicting serumleptin(R²=0.607, P<0.01).Serumleptin in the subjects increased with the number of MS components, and leptin levels in the subjects with more than three components(11.33±4.51 ng/m L) and two components(9.21±4.70 ng/mL) were significantly higher than those of with no more than one component(5.54±3.46 ng/mL) (all P<0.05).Risk of MS for the subjects with the high leptin level (> 9.2 ng/mL) was four times higher than those of with loweptin (9.2 ng/mL) (odds ratio=4.00, 95% confidence interval:1.34-11.97; P<0.05).Conclusion Serumleptin positively correlates with body fat percentage and systolic blood pressure and higher leptin level increases the risk of MS in postm enopausal women.