Abstract: Objective To determine the association between human leukocyte antigen G (HLA-G) polymorphisms and the susceptibility of esophageal carcinoma in Kazakh nationality in Xinjiang.Methods A case-control study was conducted.The subjects included 132 Kazakh patients with esophageal carcinoma(EC) and 254 cancer-free controls.The polymorphisms of HLA-G gene 14bp deletion at rs16375 and 0105N at rs4155751 were genoty ped by polym erase chain reaction (PCR) and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP), respectively.Results There were significant differences in the frequencies of rs16375 genotype and allele between cases and controls(X²=7.54, P=0.02;X²=6.80, P=0.01).Compared with those who had+14bp/+14bp genotype, the individuals with -14bp/-14bp genotype had a 2.69 fold(95% confidence intervalCI: 1.30-5.55) increased risk of developing EC.There was no statistical difference in the frequencies of rs41557518 genotype and a llele between cases and controls (X²=1.19, P=0.28;X²=1.13, P=0.29).Compared with those who had+14bp/+14bp and C/C genotypes, the individuals with-14bp/-14bp and C/C genotypes had a 2.82 fold(95%CI: 1.32-6.04) increased risk of developing EC.Conclusion HLA-G 14bp(rs16375) polymorphism is associated with the susceptibility of esophageal cancer.HLA-G^* 0105N (rs41557518) polymorphism is not associated with the susceptibility of esophageal cancer in Kazakh nationality in Xinjiang.