Abstract: ObjectiveTo investigate the association between hypertension,body mass index(BMI)and clinical benign prostatic hyperplasia(BPH).MethodsA hospital-based 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted,including the men (55-90 years old)who were surgically treated for BPH between 2007 and 2009(n=380)and the controls who were admitted to the same hospital with different diseases not related to prostatic conditions.All subjects were interviewed during their hospitalization with a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire including information on socio-demographic characteristics,lifestyle,detailed medical history,and family history of BPH in first-degree relatives.Odds ratios(ORs)and corresponding 95% confidence intervals(95%CI)were estimated with conditional logistic regression model.ResultsAfter adjusted for age,systolic blood pressure was positively related to BPH surgery only among the men with a systolic blood pressure of 160-179 mmHg and 180 mmHg or more(OR=2.135,95%CI:1.139-4.001 and OR=2.704,95%CI:1.475-4.958,respectively).The duration of hypertension was positively related with BPH(χ²=8.876,P=0.031),especially for 20 years or more(OR=4.948,95%CI:2.006-12.203;P=0.001).For men of overweight(body mass indexBMI:24.0-27.9)or obesity(BMI≥28.0),hyrertention was associated with a significantly increased risk for surgically treated BPH (compared with the subjects without hypertension(OR=2.548,95%CI:1.397-4.648 and OR=2.667,95%CI:1.038-13.212,respectively).ConclusionHypertension is a risk factor for BPH.A long-term hypertension,particularly the high systolic blood pressure may promote the occurrence and progression of BPH.For men of overweight or obesity,hypertension is associated with a significantly increased risk for surgically treated BPH.