Abstract: Objective To investigate the function of C/EBP β gene in the development of cervical squamous cell carcinoma by analyzing methylation of C/EBP β gene and infection of human papillomavirus type 16(HPV16) in cervical squamous cell carcinoma among Uigur women.Methods DNA was extracted from 26 cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissue and 16 normal cervical tissue samples.HPV16 was detected in cervical squamous cell carcinoma tissue and normal cervical tissue by PCR method.The C/EBP β gene methylation was analyzed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight(MALDI-TOF) mass array method.Results The HPV16 infection rate of cervical squamous cell carcinoma was 69.32 ﹪(18/26) and HPV16 infection rate of normal cervical tissues was 12.5%(2/16) with a significant difference between the two groups(χ²=12.780,P < 0.05).The sites of CpG10/11 and CpG17/18 islands on C/EBP β gene methylation in cervical carcinoma were significant higher than those of the normal cervical tissue according to twosample t-test(t=2.221,P < 0.05; t=2.278,P < 0.05).The correlation coefficients beween the sites of CpG10/11 and CpG17/18 CpG islands on C/EBP β gene methylation and HPV16 infection were 1.323 and-4.361,respectively,without significant difference(P < 0.05).Conclusion HPV16 infection is associated with cervical carcinoma incidence among Uigur women.The sites of CpG10/11 and CpG17/18 on C/EBP β gene are related with cervical squamous cell carcinoma in Uigur women and methylation rate is not correlated with HPV16 infection.