Abstract: Objective To study protective effect of Boschniakia rossica polysaccharides(BRPS) on erythrocyte.Methods BRPS was extracted by routine methods and the ·OH scavenging capacity was examined with FeSO₄-salicylic acid method.The effect of BRPS on lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes was estimated by thiobarbituric acid(TBA) method and the effect on hemolysis of erythrocytes was detected by spectrophotometric method.Results BRPS exhibited a·OH scavenging capacity in a concentration-dependent manner with a regeression equation of y=170.8x+9.5645,R²=0.993,and the concentration of inhibitor,which causes 50% inhibition(IC50),of 0.24 mg/mL.BRPS inhibited ·OH-induced lipid peroxidation of erythrocytes and purified erythrocyte membrane with the IC50s of 0.047 and 0.112 mg/mL,respectively,and suppressed the hemolysis of erythrocytes induced by ·OH with the IC50 of 0.068 mg/mL.Conclusion BRPS has anti-lipid peroxidative and protective effects on erythrocyte.