Abstract: Objectivemine the prevalence of dyslipidemia among Kazakh and Han adult populations in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region and to provide the basis for the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia.Methods A stratified cluster sampling technique was used to select 7 362 Kazak or Han people aged 18 years or older.The triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C) levels of the persons were determined.Results TG,TC,LDL-C,and HDL-C level of the Kazaks people were 1.26±1.01 mmol/L,4.58±1.32 mmol/L,2.42±0.87 mmol/L,and 1.31±0.61 mmol/L and those of the Hans were 1.65±1.32 mmol/L,4.62±1.08 mmol/L,2.22±0.94 mmol/L,and 1.63±0.70 mmol/L.The standardized prevalence rate of total dyslipidemia in the Kazakh people was 41.7% (45.7% for the male,39.3% for the female) and the prevalence rates of hypertriglyceridemia,hypercholesteremia,and low HDL-C were 19.1%,13.0%,and 18.8%.The standardized prevalence rate of total dyslipidemia in the Han people was 37.6% (43.6% for the male,33.9% for the female) and the prevalence rates of hypertriglyceridemia,hypercholesteremia,and low HDL-C were 32.1%,12.1%,and 4.3%.Conclusion The Kazaks have a higher risk of dyslipidemia than Han people,especially for high LDL-C and low HDL-C.The LDL-C level of the males is higher than that of the females and the HDL-C level of the males is low er than that of the females,suggesting that male have a higher risk of dyslipidemia than female.