Abstract: Objective To examine the protective role of resveratrol on lipid oxidation which may cause kidney damage in rats with high glucose and high-fat diet.Methods The rats were divided into normal diet control group,high glucose and high-fat diet group,low,moderate and high dose resveratrol groups.All rats were killed after 13 weeks.Serum glucose,total cholesterol,and triglyceride levels were determined.Total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC),total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px) activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA) content were measured in renal tissue extracts and renal peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha(PPARα),mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase(HMGCS2) mRNA expression were determined.Results Body weight (453.00±19.54 g),renal MDA (6.11±1.42 nmol/mg·Pro) content increased significantly in high glucose and high-fat diet group compared with normal diet control group,w hile decreased in resveratrol co-treated groups compared with high glucose and high-fat diet group.The renal T-AOC(0.27±0.03 U/mg·Por),T-SOD(2.43±0.07 U/mg·Pro) levels of high glucose and high-fat diet group were significantly lower than those of the normal diet control group.Compared with those of the high glucose and fat diet group,renal T-AOC,T-SOD,and GSH-Px levels decreased in resveratrol co-treated group.Compared with normal diet control group,lower renal PPARα and HMGCS2 mRNA expression levels were observed in high glucose and fat diet rats (P=0.012,0.045),while enhanced expression of renal PPARα and HMGCS2 mRNA were observed in the rats co-treated with resveratrol.Conclusion High glucose and high-fat diet can cause significant oxidative stress in rat kidney,which may be involved in the occurrence of renal damage.Resveratrol has protective effect on the high glucose and high-fat dietinduced oxidative renal injury in rats.