Abstract: Objective To evaluate the awareness of and satisfaction with newrural cooperative medical care system in the farmers in Heilongjiang province and to provide the basis for the improvement of newrural cooperative medical care system.Methods Home visit was conducted among farmers selected with random sampling and χ² test and factor analysis were adopted to analyze the data.Results There was a significance in cognition of newrural cooperative medical care system(χ²=23 339.172,P=0.000)and the overall satisfaction with the system was 62.767%.The expected proportion of compensation was significantly different among different farmers(χ²=136.700,P=0.000).Conclusion The awareness of and the satisfaction with the newrural cooperative medical care system are lowamong rural residents of Heilongjiang province.The proportion of compensation,the payment of the residents,and the government investment should be increased.