Abstract: Objective To explore current situation and correlated factors of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection among drug users in Gansu province.Methods SPSS 13.0 was used in a comparative analysis between HCV positive cases and HCV negative cases among 2 464 drug users in Gansu province.Results HCV positive rate was 10.6%(246/2 327)in the drug users.Among the HCV positive cases and HCV negative cases,the ratio of injection drug user was 47.5%(124/261),10.3%(226/2 203); the ratio of needle sharing was 27.4%(34/124)and 20.8%(47/226); the ratio of non-commercial sexual behavior without using condom was 66.2%(88/133)and 46.8%(645/1 377); and the ratio the commercial sexual behavior without condom use was 35%(14/40)and 16.8%(82/489),respectively.Conclusion Needle sharing and unsafe sexual behavior are the important factors for HCV infection and transmission of HCV among drug users in Gansu province.