Abstract: ObjectiveTo study influencing factors of the vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine(HBV)in rural adults.MethodsProbability proportionate to size sampling was carried out in Ningxia,Hebei,Shandong,and Jiangsu provinces.A sample of 12 499 rural adults aged 18 years or older were recruited and the hepatitis B immunization history and influencing factors were investigated with a questionnaire in 2011.Results The hepatitis B vaccination rate was 13.89% and the complete vaccination rate was 11.02%,with a completion rate of 79.38% among the adults with HBV vaccination.With the increase of age,the vaccination doses decreased(odds ratioOR=0.942,P=0.000).On the contrary,with the increase of income(OR=1.112,P=0.005),knowledge of HBV(OR=1.062,P=0.000),immunization(OR=1.140,P=0.000), perceived threat(OR=1.024,P=0.043),and education level(χ²=1174.70,P=0.000),the vaccination doses increased.Peasants and farm workers had the lowest doses.ConclusionLacking of knowledge about hepatitis B and the concern on the cost of vaccine are the main influencing factors of vaccination of hepatitis B vaccine in adults.Health education of hepatitis B knowledge for peasants and farm workers should be promoted.