Abstract: ObjectiveTo detect new infection of human immunodeficiecy virus type 1(HIV-1)among voluntary counselling and testing population in Yunnan province and to explore the risk factors of the infection for implementation of AIDS prevention and control.MethodsBED-capture enzyme immunoassay(BED-CEIA)was performed for positive samples of HIV-1 antibody collected from voluntary counselling and testing(VCT)population in 2009-2010,and BED-CE1A results were analyzed combined with demographic and epidemiological data.Results Among 4 882 examinees,1 500 were HIV-1 antibody positive(including 231 previous infections)and the positive rate was 30.7% (1 500/4 882).There were 853 men with a positive rate of 27.5% and 647 women with a positive rate of 36.3%.Totally 145 new infections were ascertained by BED,among which 84 were male and 61 were female with an average age of 35.7 years(17-80).Multivariate logistic analyses showed that the risk of new infection among the participants with the education lower than junior high school,of female,and married was higher than those with junior high school education or higher,of male and unmarried or divorced or widowed with statistically significant differences(P<0.05 for all).Risks of new infection among drug users and men who have sex with men(MSM)were 2.502 times and 5.551 times higher than that of among heterosexual participants.ConclusionThe risks of HIV new infections are significantly different among the populations of different sex,marital status,educational level,drug use,and the reasons for seeking VCT.The risk of new infection is higher among people with low education level MSM and drug users.