Abstract: Objective To study hospitalization and its influencing factors among rural residents in Yanchi of Ningxia after out-patient service reform of new rural cooperation medical system.Methods Using multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method,a questionnaire survey was conducted among 5 031 rural residents of 1 320 households in 40 administrative villages.Results The hospitalization rate in the residents was 7.4% in 2011,lower than that in 2009(7.9%).The medical institutions for the hospitalizations were mainly county hospital(60.2%) in 2011,with a higher ratio than that(50.8%) in 2009(χ²=11.699,P<0.01).The proportion of hospitalized residents leaving the hospital earlier because of financial difficulties was 58.7% in 2011 and significantly lower than 62.4% in 2009(χ²=8.925,P<0.05).Univariate analyses showed that women,elders,people with chronic disease were main reasons contributing to the increase of hospitalization.Conclusion Hospitalization rate is under the control and the reform archieves primary effect.Women,elders,and people with chronic diseases are main groups contributing to the increasing of hospitalization.