Abstract: Objective To explore the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori(Hp) infection and its influencing factors among peasants in northern Jiangsu province.Methods Totally 6 villages were randomly selected with stratified cluster sampling.Questionnaire survey,blood type identification and ¹⁴C breath test for diagnosis of Hp infection were carried out among permanent residents aged 35-70 years.Results Among the 3 570 residents,the overall Hp infection rate was 56.15%(53.15% for male,57.96% for female) and the standardized rate was 56.15%(52.84% for male,58.12% for female);unconditional multiple factors logistic regression analysis showed that there were statistical significances in Hp infection rate for gender,blood type,dry food consumption,usage of non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAIDs),and history of gastritis.Conclusion Hp infection rate was 56.15% and higher than that of average level in China among peasants in Xuzhou area.The Hp infection is associated with gender,blood type,dry food consumption NSAIDs use,and gastritis history.