Abstract: Objective To examine the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases in urban residents of Urumqi in 2010 for the prevention of chronic diseases.Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was adopted to choose a total of 505 permanent residents aged above 24 years for a face-to-face interview and measurments of blood pressure and blood sugar.Results The overall prevalence of major chronic diseases was 23.43%.The chronic diseases with top three prevalences were gallbladder disease(47.3%),hypertension(38.8% ),and coronary heart disease(25.9% ).Among the residents,95.08% had 1-3 chronic diseases and the prevalence in the males was 95.89% and 94.44% in the females.Hypertension prevalence among the residents of 60 years old was higher than that of less than 60 years(χ²=29.938,P=0.000) and the prevalence of the males was higher than that of the female(χ²=5.421,P=0.02).The prevalence of gallbladder disease in the females was higher than that of in the male(χ²=14.843,P=0.000).The hypertension prevalence of the residents with the education level of senior high school or above was lower than that of residents with the eduction of junior high school or lower(χ²=6.061,P=0.014).Gallbladder disease prevalence of Ugur residents was higher than that of Han residents(χ²=7.238,P=0.007).Conclusion Prevalences of gallbladder disease and hypertension are high in Urumqi residents and more effective interventions should be taken to control the diseases.