Abstract: Objective To investigate prevalences of three specific suicide behaviors and related psychosocial factors among middle school students and to provide basis for suicide prevention and intervention.Methods A stratified cluster sampling survey was carried out with a self-designed questionnaire,suicidal behavior questionnaire,Adolescent Self-Rating Life Events Check List(ASLEC),Interaction Anxiousness Scale(IAS),and Self-Esteem Scale(SES) in 2 216 middle school students in Changsha city.Results In the past one year,24.2% of the students had suicide ideation,6% had made a specific plan to attempt suicide,and 2.5% actually had attempted suicide.The incidences of suicide ideation and suicide attempt in the girls were higher than those in the boys(χ²=34.814,P=0.000;χ²=5.924,P=0.015).The incidences of suicide plan and suicide attempt in the rural students were higher than those in the urban students(χ²=16.687,P=0.000;χ²=5.834,P=0.016).The incidence of suicide plan in the senior high school students was higher than that in the junior school students(χ²=8.109,P=0.004).The main risk factors for the three specific suicide behaviors included with single-parent family,family violence,negative life event,interaction anxiousness,and low self-esteem.Conclusion Suicide ideation is not rare in middle school students and specific intervention on related psychosocial risk factors should be promoted among the students.