Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) with or without percutaneous ethanal injection(PEI) in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) treatment.Methods The influencing factors of HCC patients's survival time were screened with Cox regression model and every patient's propensity score was calculated with logistic regression model and caliper matching was carried according to the propensity score;then survival analysis was performed with the matched data.Results The Cox regression results showed that Child grade,age,family history of tumor,hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg),and alpha fetoprotein (AFP) affected patients' survival time.Before matching,the factors had unbalanced distribution between two groups,and two survival curves had no statistically significant difference(P>0.05).However,there was a statistically significant difference after matching(P<0.05).Conclusion RFA combined with PEI for HCC treatment is more effective than simple RFA alone.The propensity score matching method can effectively reduce the confounding bias and make correct evaluation on therapeutic effect for HCC.