Abstract: ObjectiveTo study the prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)imfection and its influencing factors among drug users in Xinjiang and to provide technical support for the evaluation of HIV prevention. MethodsQuestionnaire survey and blood test were conducted among 4 493 drug users in Urumuqi city and Yili prefecture of Xinjiang. ResultsThe HIV infection prevalence in the drug users was 21.5%(963/4 470)(20.8%864/4 152 in the male and 31.1%99/318 in the female).The HIV infection prevalence was 30.1%(800/2 660)in Uygur ethnic,7.1%(74/1 037)in Han ethnic,and 11.4%(64/560)in Hui ethnic,respectively.Multivariate logistic regression showed that the influencing factors of HIV infection included gender,ethnic,injection drug use,and sharing needle.Compared with the male,the female had a higher risk of HIV infection(odds ratio OR=2.12,95% confidence interval 95%CI:1.56-2.80).Compared with the Han ethnic group,the Uygur ethnic group(OR=7.66,95%CI:5.79-10.13) and Hui ethnic group(OR=2.06,95%CI::1.41-3.01)had higher risk of HIV infection.The risk of HIV infection was higher in drug users with drug injection than those without drug injection(OR=11.95,95%CI:9.26-15.42)and in the drug users sharing needles than the drug users not sharing needles(OR=4.02,95%CI:3.35-4.83). ConclusionThe HIV prevalence among drug users in Xinjiang is at moderate level compared with the drug users in other areas and the influence factors of the prevalence include gender,ethnic,drug injection,and sharing needle.HIV prevention strategies should be planed based on the related factors.