Abstract: Objective To examine the prevalence of chronic diseases and its risk factors among residents in Jiangsu province.Methods Multi-stratified clustering sampling method was used.Information on demographics,chronic diseases,and behavioural factors among 8 400 residents aged 18 years or above were collected with a questionnaire survey,anthropometric measurement,and biochemical test of blood.Multivariate logistic regression models were used to identify risk factors.Results The prevalence of chronic diseases was 75.55% among the residents.Hypertension,central obesity and lipid abnormality were the top three prevalent diseases,with the prevalence of 49.14%,41.86%,and 32.01%,respectively.The prevalence of obesity,diabetes,and depression were 13.64%,8.49%,and 1.14%,respectively.Compared with the south area,which was more economically developed,the odds ratio(OR)of the chronic diseases in the north area and the central area were 1.53(95% confidence interval95% CI:1.31-1.79)and 1.85(95% CI:1.57-2.18).The risk of chronic diseases increased with age,but decreased with education level.Meat dietary pattern elevated the risk of chronic diseases,while healthy dietary pattern decreased the risk.Conclusion Hypertension,central obesity,and lipid abnormality are the most prevalent chronic diseases among the residents of Jiangsu province.Age,residense,and education influence the risk of chronic diseases.High-fat diet might be a risk factor for chronic diseases and healthy diet might be a protective factor.