Abstract: Objective To study the prevalence of chronic diseases among adult residents in China and the influencing factors of chronic diseases and to provide reference to management and control of the diseases.Methods The morbidity rate of chronic diseases among adult Chinese residents were calculated using the data from Fourth National Health Service Survey and the influencing factors of the chronic diseases were analyzed.Results The total number of residents aged 18 years and older surveyed by the Fourth National Health Service Survey were 136 371.The morbidity rate of chronic diseases was 21.24% among the residents in urban area,and 19.33% in rural area.The morbidity rate of hypertension was 7.08%,higher than other chronic diseases.Female,elder people,Han nationality,divorced,living in eastern area,and with high education were the risk factors for the chronic diseases.Odds ratios of the chronic diseases for female gender and residents at ages of 65 years or older compared to those aged 18-34 years were 1.18 and 12.18,respectively.Conclusion Hypertension is a main threat to Chinese adults.Female,elder people,people of divorced or widowed and liveing in the east of China are the populations at higher risk for chronic diseases.