Abstract: Objective To explore delivery ways and its associated factors among lying-in women in Hunan province,and to provide evidence for future natural delivery intervention activities.Methods Stratified cluster randomized sampling was used to investigate 603 lying-in women with deliveries between May 1st,2011 and May 1st,2012 in six hospitals in Hunan province.Results The average age of the 603 women was 27.55±4.179 years.Among the women 28.17% obtained college education or higher,32.48% had history of abortion,and 24.38% had a delivery.The current prevalence of caesarean section was 53.89% and that of vaginal delivery was 46.11% for the women.There were 51.01%of the women attending prenatal examination in time,28.88% being identified with abnormal condition during the prenatal examination,17.42%being suggested to choose caesarean by the doctors and only 12.86% taking part in the school for pregnant women.The results of multivariable logistic regression revealed that the main factors associated with caesarean section were the willingness for caesarean section of the pregnant woman(odds rationOR=33.118,90% confidence interval90%CI:11.274-95.514),the husband's willingness for caesarean section(OR=6.055,90%CI:2.919-13.297),delivery in a hospital at city level(OR=1.708,90%CI:1.078-2.932),and doctors' recommendation to caesarean section(OR=19.851,90%CI:4.666-81.460).Conclusion The prevalence of caesarean section was high and the percentage of pregnant women participating pregnant women school or attending prenatal examination in time was low in Hunan province,suggesting health education related to natural delivery should be strengthened.