Abstract: ObjectiveTo examine relationships among knowledge,attitude and behavior about sputum disposal in pulmonary tuberculosis patients for making management policies.MethodsTotally 800 pulmonary tuberculosis patients were selected from 6 counties or districts in Shandong province with multistage random cluster sampling and a questionnaire survey was conducted among the patients.Structural equation model was adopted in data analyses.ResultsThe cognition on sputum disposal showed a significant direct affect on sputum disposal habit among the pulmonary tuberculosis patients with chemotherapy at home(r=-0.472).Spatum disposal habit showed a significant direct effect on out-home protective with measure among the pulmonary tuberculosis patients(r=-0.495).The cognition on sputum disposal showed a significant indirect effect on out-home protective measure among the pulmonary tuberculosis patients through the mediation of sputum disposal habit(r=-0.472×-0.495=0.234).ConclusionCorrect sputum disposal could be promoted through the improvement in cognition on sputum disposal among pulmonary tuberclosis patients.