Abstract: ObjectiveTo explore risk factors of uterine leiomyoma among married women and to provide a basis for making preventive strategies for the disease.MethodsA questionnaire survey was conducted among 300 married women diagnosed with uterine leiomyoma selected from outpatients or physical examinees and 300 age-and marital status-matched healthy women.Logistic regression was adopted in data analyses.ResultsUnivariate analyses demonstrated that cervical erosion(odds ratio OR=10.414),pelvic inflammation(OR=5.205),emmeniopathy(OR=6.167),adnexitis(OR=12.000),familial history of gynecological tumor(OR=4.142),and low average individual income(OR=2.779)were risk factors of uterine leiomyoma;the results of multivariate logistic regression revealed that cervical erosion(OR=9.36,95% confidence interval 95% CI:3.766-28.549),pelvic inflammation(OR=5.165,95% CI:1.731-17.503),emmeniopathy(OR=7.791,95% CI:2.431-27.245),and familial history of gynecological tumor(OR=3.991,95% CI:1.239-13.678)were major risk factors of uterine leiomyoma.ConclusionThe incidence of uterine leiomyoma is related to cervical and pelvic inflammation,gynecological diseases and familial history of gynecologica tumor and regular screening on gynecological diseases is warranted for the control of uterine leiomyoma among married women.