Abstract: Objective To explore the differences in hepatitis B vaccination between left-behind children and non-left-behind children in rural areas in Hebei province and to analyze the influence of parental migration and migration pattern on hepatitis B vaccination of their children.Methods A total of 1 106 children aged 15 years old and younger were selected from 12 villages in 4 counties in Baoding and Shijiazhuang city with probability proportionate to size sampling and investigated with a questionnaire survey.Results The status of timely first dose and all doses injection of hepatitis B vaccine in non-left-behind children was better than in the left-behind children.In the birth cohort analysis,injection rate in non-left-behind children was higher than in left-behind children,however,the differences reduced from 28.7%in 1998 to 17.5%in 2012 for 1998 birth cohort.Unconditional logistic regression showed that migration of father and/or mother was a adverse factor for hepatitis B vaccination in rural children in Hebei province,whereas,born in hospital and in the family with better economic condition were protective factors.Conclusion The status of hepatitis B vaccination in non-left-behind children is better than in left-behind children in rural area of Hebei province,but the gap is decreasing.Parental migration and migration pattern affect hepatitis B vaccination of their children.