Abstract: Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Guillain-Barre syndrome(GBS)among the children under 15 years old in Henan province and to explore measures for GBS control and prevention.Methods The individual data of 1 291 GBS cases under 15 years old from surveillance system in Henan province during 2004-2012 was analyzed descriptively.Results The cases of GBS under 15 years old were mainly sporadic in Henan province.The average incidence was 0.75/100 000.The top five regions reported higher incidence were Jiyuan,Luoyang,and Sanmenxia,Puyang,Shangqiu,with the incidence of 1.40,1.09,0.96,0.95,and 0.92 per 100 000 population.The incidence peak was during June-August and the highest incidence was observed among the children at ages of 1 to 4 years.Men had a higher incidence than women,with the gender ratio of 1.85:1.Enenterovirus was isolated from 186 cases and the isolation rate was 14.41%.The incidence rate of residual paralysis was 26.10%.Conclusion The cases of GBS were mainly young-aged and were mainly observed in summer and autumn.Men had a higher incidence than women.The incidence rate of residual paralysis among the children with GBS was higher and effective measures should be taken to improve the treatment of paralysis.