Abstract: Objective To evaluate the effect of health education about serum lipid among rural Uygur residents with dyslipidemia.Methods Using cluster random sampling,715 rural Uygur residents aged 18 years and over and with dyslipidemia were selected from twelve villages of Jiangbazi township of Kashi county in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region(Xinjiang) and randomly divided into an intervention group and a control group.A three-year health education intervention was conducted for the intervention group.Results After the intervention,the intervention group had significantly higher rates and scores in knowledge(18.0% vs.6.0%,2.16±2.55 vs.0.73±1.25),correct attitude(29.5% vs.8.2%,0.46±0.91 vs.0.27±0.59),health behaviors(6.6% vs.3.9%,0.46±0.91 vs 0.27±0.59),and overall score(4.68±4.34 vs.1.56±1.93) about dyslipidemia compared to those of the control group(P<0.01 for all).Conclusion The levels of knowledge,attitude and behaviors about serum lipid are very low in rural Uygur adult residents with dyslipidemia in Xinjiang and sustained health education can increase the levels of knowledge,attitude and behaviors about dyslipidemia.