Abstract: Objective To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of chronic kidney disease(CKD)among rural female residents in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Region(Qiannan)and to provide evidences for prevention of chronic kidney disease.Methods From January 2012 to Deceber 2013, a total of 39 876 female residents(aged 20-86 years)in Qiannan were randomly selected with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling.All participants were interviewed face-to-face with a questionnaire and received physical examination including urine and blood test for the diagnosis of CKD.Results Of all the participants, 4 962 were diagnosed with CKD and the prevalence rate of CKD was 12.45%.There were significant differences in the prevalence rate of CKD among the participants of different age and nationality.Of all the CDK patients diagnosed, 39.72% were at the disease stage Ⅰ, 22.85% at stage Ⅱ, 33.99% at stage Ⅲ, and 3.42% at stage Ⅳ based on the criteria of Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative(K/DOQI).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factors of CKD were age, nationality, living environment, the number of years of alcohol drinking, amount of alcohol intake, preference of eating animal offal, blood pressure level, and blood uric acid content.Conclusion The prevalence rate of CKD is relative high and increases with age among the female living in Qiannan area.