Abstract: Objective To explore relevant factors of child neglect among preschool children in rural areas of Tangshan city for making intervention measures and policies.Methods A total of 1 166 parents of children aged 3 to 6 years were selected with stratified cluster sampling from 10 kindergartens in rural areas in Tangshan city and surveyed with a self-designed questionnaire and Chinese Neglect Evaluation Scale for Rural Children.Results The overall neglect rate and degree among the children were 47.77% and 44.35±6.45, respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that risk factors of child neglect in the children were low maternal education(odds ratioOR=1.963, 95% confidence interval95%CI=1.475-2.611), poor maternal health(OR=1.667, 95%CI=1.135-2.450), small housing area per capita(OR=2.260, 95%CI=1.363-3.747), bad relationship between family members(OR=2.423, 95%CI=1.621-3.623), and inconsistently educational attitude to child(OR=2.870, 95%CI=1.464-5.626).Multiple linear regression showed that the influencing factors to the degree of neglect were maternal educational level, father's health status, relationship of family members, and educational method and attitude to child.Conclusion The neglect state of children aged 3 to 6 years in Tangshan rural area is serious, and the main influencing factors of child neglect are parental and familial factors.