Abstract: Objective To explore the status and influence factors of timely first dose of hepatitis B vaccination among rural children in Hebei province and to provide evidences for making related intervention strategy.Methods Totally 1106 children aged ≤15 years were selected from 12 villages in 4 counties in Baoding and Shijiazhuang city with probability proportionate to size sampling and were investigated using a questionnaire.Multilevel logistic model was employed to analyze the influence factors of the timely first dose vaccination.Results The coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination and the timely first dose vaccination were 98.4% and 81.4%; and the coverage rates of hepatitis B vaccination were 98.4%,97.3%,98.5%,98.1%,and 100.0% and the rates of timely first dose vaccination were 84.4%,84.7%,85.3%,78.7%,and 72.2% for the children aged 1-3,4-6,7-9,10-12,and 13-15 years,respectively.There were no statistical differences in the coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination among the children of different age(P>0.05),while the differences in the rates of timely first dose vaccination among the children of different age groups were statistically different(χ²=17.993,P=0.001).Multilevel logistic regression revealed that timely first dose vaccination associated with younger age,born in the medical facilities of higher degree and with the parents having higher education.Conclusion Ensuring the deliveries of the newborns in medical facilities,concerning on the newborns without household registration and improving knowledge level about the vaccination among the parents of the newborns are important measures for increasing coverage of timely first dose hepatitis B vaccination among rural children.