Abstract: Objective To examine the prevalence and risk factors of cervical spondylosis among minority rural residents living in southern area of Guizhou province and to provide references for taking corresponding interventions.Methods A questionnaire survey,clinical and cervical imaging examination for cervical spondylosis were carried out among 111 946 minority rural residents aged≥18 years selected with cluster random sampling from southern area of Guizhou province during the period of April 2012 though April 2014.Results The prevalence rate of cervical spondylosis in the residents was 8.68%.Of 9 756 cervical spondylosis patients diagnosed,6 037(61.88%)suffered with mild-to-moderate cervical hyperplasia,2 647(27.13%)with straightened cervical curvature,511(5.24%)with cervical lateral bending,279(2.86%)with cervical instability,213(2.18%)with cervical vertebra narrow,and 69(0.71%)with congenital cervical vertebra malformation.The proportions of different form of cervical spondylosis were 39.76%for nerve root form,18.30%for sympathetic nerve form,18.16%for vertebral artery form,15.86%for mixed form,and 7.92%for myeloid form,respectively.Multi-factor unconditioned logistic regression analyses showed that the risk factors of cervical spondylosis in the residents included female gender,at the ages of 40-49 and 60-69 years,being Shui nationality,being employed,using a thick pillow of ≥15 centimeters,working ≥15 hours a day for making horsetail embroidery,and using a yoke to carry heavy object.Conclusion The prevalence rate of cervical spondylosis is high among minority rural residents in southern area of Guizhou province and the main influencing factors of cervical spondylosis are gender,age,nationality,employment status,the thickness of pillow,working time for making horsetail embroidery,and the posture of lifting heavy object.