Status of emergency preparedness and its influencing factors among residents in Harbin city
-
摘要: 目的 了解黑龙江省哈尔滨市居民应对突发事件应急准备现状及其影响因素,为制定干预策略提供依据。方法 采取多阶段分层随机整群抽样法,选取哈尔滨市年龄≥18岁符合条件的469名居民进行问卷调查。结果 469名居民应急准备测评总体平均分为(3.4±0.4)分,仅13.0%的居民做好了充分应急准备,其中年龄≥60岁、接受过应急教育或培训、风险意识、应急态度、应急知识技能平均分≥4分的居民应急准备状态相对较好,比例分别为96.7%、63.5%、22.2%、20.2%、10.7%(P<0.05);而男性、年龄≥60岁、已婚、职业为机关/企事业管理者、有应急经历和接受过应急教育或培训、应急认知、应急态度、应急知识技能平均分≥4分的居民应急物品储备率相对较高,比例分别为63.2%、86.7%、70.5%、85.3%、78.2%、62.8%、35.5%、22.5%、12.7%(P<0.05);多因素分析结果显示,哈尔滨市居民应急准备状态的影响因素为年龄(OR=2.112、3.454)、应急教育或培训(OR=2.340)、风险意识(OR=2.351)、应急态度(OR=2.216)、应急知识技能(OR=2.418);应急物品准备的影响因素为年龄(OR=2.462、9.389)、应急经历(OR=3.483)、应急态度(OR=1.681)、应急知识技能(OR=3.125)。结论 哈尔滨市居民应急准备能力水平有待提高;年龄、风险意识、应急态度、应急知识与技能及是否有过应急教育或培训、应急经历是应急准备能力水平的主要影响因素,需要加强应急教育及训练。Abstract: Objective To examine the status quo of emergency preparedness and its influencing factors among residents in Harbin city of Heilongjiang province and to provide evidences for making effective strategies and intervention measures.Methods Totally 469 residents aged over 18 years in Harbin city were randomly selected with multi-stage cluster sampling and investigated with a face-to-face questionnaire survey.Results The overall average score of emergency preparedness was 3.4±0.4 and only 13.0%of the residents had prepared efficiently for possible emergencies.The residents with higher ratio of good preparedness for possible emergencies were those aged 60 years or older(96.7%,P<0.05),with emergency education or training experience(63.5%,P<0.01),with an average score of more than 4 for emergency knowledge and skill(22.2%,P<0.05),with correct attitude towards emergency(20.2%,P<0.01),and with better emergency knowledge and skills(10.7%,P<0.05);the residents with higher ratio of having material storage for emergency were those of male residents(63.2%,P<0.05),aged 60 years or older(86.7%,P<0.01),married(70.5%,P<0.01),working in enterprises or as institutions managers(85.3%,P<0.01),with emergency experience(78.2%,P<0.01),having emergency education or training(62.8%,P<0.05),with an average score of more than 4 for emergency knowledge and skill(35.5%,P<0.05),with correct attitude towards emergency(22.5%,P<0.01),and with better emergency knowledge and skills(12.7%,P<0.01).Logistic regression analyses showed that the influencing factors of emergency preparedness were age(odds ratio[OR]=2.112 for aged 40-59 years and 3.454 for aged≥60 years),emergency education or training experience(OR=2.340),risk awareness(OR=2.351),emergency attitude(OR=2.216),and emergency knowledge and skills(OR=2.418);the influencing factors of material storage for emergency were age(OR=2.462 for aged 40-59 years and 9.389 for aged ≥60 years),emergency experience(OR=3.483),emergency attitude(OR=1.681),and emergency knowledge and skills(OR=3.125).Conclusion The level of emergency preparedness capability among residents in Harbin city was relatively low.Age,risk awareness,emergency attitude,emergency knowledge and skills,emergency experience,emergency education or training were determinants of emergency preparedness capability among the residents.Attention should be paid on emergency education and training among the population.
-
Key words:
- public emergency /
- emergency preparedness /
- influencing factor
-
[1] 王畅,李文浩,王声勇,等.广州市大学生高校突发事件认知行为及需求状况调查[J].中国学校卫生,2011,32(7):818-819. [2] 庄英杰,贾红军,马洪滨,等.医务人员件应对突发公共卫生事件能力的培养[J].中国医院感染学杂志,2011,21(6):1173-1175. [3] 洪源浩,管纪惠,颜翠兰,等.福建省公众应对突发公共卫生事件知识与技能现状及影响因素[J].海峡预防医学杂志,2012,18(6):1-3. [4] 罗银秋,潘杰,梁美英,等.佛山市公众基础急救知识技能掌握情况及需求调查[J].护理学报,2010,17(8):5-7. [5] 石越,孔庆滨,陈铁梅,等.高校大学生院前急救及应急能力调查[J].中国公共卫生,2012,28(7):975-976. [6] 黄克钢,吴群红,郝艳华,等.疾控机构应急人员应急演练能力影响因素分析[J].中国公共卫生,2013,29(5):638-640. [7] 清华大学美国应急平台考察团.美国应急平台及其支撑体系考察报告[J].中国应急管理,2008(4):382-383. [8] 胥彦,吴群红,林婷,等.国外突发公共卫生事件应急培训策略选择及对我国的借鉴[J].中国卫生经济,2009,28(5):36-39. [9] Mishra S,Suar D.Do lessons people learn determine disaster cognition and preparedness?[J].Psychology and Developing Societies,2007,19(2):143-159. [10] 于佳蠢.大学生面对突发公共卫生事件的心理分析[D].吉林:吉林大学硕士毕业论文,2010:20-35. [11] 杨力.突发事件应急意识和能力建设探讨[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2011,8(8):154-158. [12] Karairmak O,Aydin G.Reducing earthquake-related fears in victim and nonvictim children[J].The Journal of Genetic Psychology,2008,169(2):177-185. [13] Wang C,Xiang H,Xu Y,et al.Improving emergency preparedness capability of rural public health personnel in China[J].Public Health,2010,124:339-344. [14] 曹春霞,李浴峰.健康教育和健康促进在应对突发公共卫生事件中的作用[J].中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志,2011,6(3);254-256. [15] 杨宏飞,赵贞卿.城乡居民突发事件应对能力研究-以浙江省为例[J].灾害学,2012,27(3):126-131.
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 1219
- HTML全文浏览量: 222
- PDF下载量: 92
- 被引次数: 0