Abstract: Objective To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of chronic disease among rural residents in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region(Ningxia),and to provide references for taking corresponding intervention measures.Methods The follow-up data of 2012 for 30 583 rural residents in five counties(Haiyuan,Yanchi,Tongxin,Pengyang,and Xiji) in Ningxia were collected from the Rural Residents Family Health Questionnaire Survey sponsored collaboratively by Ningxia Health Bureau and Harvard/Oxford University Research Team.SPSS 11.5 software was used in data analyses.Results Of all the residents,4 182 reported suffering from more than one chronic diseases,with a self-reported prevalence rate of chronic diseases of 13.7%and a standardized prevalence rate of 13.49%,which was significantly higher than the age-adjusted prevalence rate(10.98%) for rural residents included in the Fourth National Health Service Survey in 2008(u=12.85,P <0.05).Among the 4 182 residents with self-reported chronic disease,the ratio of suffering one,two,and three or more chronic diseases were 84.0%,12.9%,and 3.1%,repectively.Multivariate unconditioned logistic regression analyses showed that female gender and aged five years or older were the risk factors of suffering chronic disease,whereas with junior middle school or higher education and with low-medium or higher average annual household income were protective factors.Conclusion The prevalence rate of chronic diseases among rural residents in Ningxia is relatively high and gender,age,educational level and average annual household income are main influencing factors of chronic disease prevalence in the residents.