Abstract: Objective To explore the spatial distribution of α-thalassemia among the couples at reproductive age in Nanning municipality and to provide evidences for the prevention of thalassemia.Methods Screening data on thalassemia were collected among the couples of reproductive age in 12 counties and urban districts from the year of 2010 to 2013 and the prevalence rate of α-thalassemia was calculated.ArcMap 10.0 was used to draw the spatial distribution maps and analyze the spatial autocorrelation.Results The prevalence of α-thalassemia among the couples of reproductive age was 18.1%in Nanning city.No spatial autocorrelation in α-thalassemia prevalence was observed,but there were areas(Liang-qing district,Long'an and Wuming country)with higher morbidity of the disease.Conclusion The prevalence of α-thalassemia is relatively high in Nanning municipality,suggesting screening and prenatal diagnosis for the disease should be enhanced.