Newspaper reporting of suicide:compliance with WHO media guidelines
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摘要: 目的分析广东地区报纸报道自杀事件的失范现况, 促进媒体对自杀事件的规范报道。方法以WHO媒体报道的原则及禁忌为标准, 以广东地区具有代表性的5份报纸在2011年全年对自杀事件的报道对象, 采用内容分析法从5个方面用27个条目进行分析。结果内容涉及自杀事件的报道总计453篇;99.1%的用词语准确地描述了自杀的结果;99.6%未使用“自杀成功”一词;1篇国外的报道将自杀理由归结为宗教原因。头版报道的新闻共51篇, 占所有自杀报道的11.3%, 版面中使用大字标题的报道共269篇, 占59.4%;当自杀者为有一定社会地位者, 置于头版和采用大字标题的比例高于普通民众(P<0.05);37.4%的报道有配图;68.7%详细描述了自杀的方法, 96.7%描述了自杀地点;有9篇报道采用渲染的词句进行报道, 有4篇报道涉嫌美化自杀行为。96.7%未提及与心理健康相关领域专家协商, 52.1%的报道将自杀的原因简单归因, 6.2%指出了自杀前有征兆, 11.9%明确指出了与自杀相关的精神疾病。结论报纸对自杀事件报道存在较为严重的失范现象, 需要编制适合我国社会文化背景的自杀事件报道规范, 采取适当的策略提高媒体对规范的依从性。Abstract: ObjectiveTo assess whether the newspaper reports of suicide in Guangdong province comply with standard reporting guidelines of World Health Organization(WHO)for promoting standard reporting of suicide in mass media.MethodsA total of 453 newspaper reports of suicide from 5 kinds of newspapers in 2011 were systematically assessed for compliance with the WHO media guidelines.Content analysis was conducted to evaluate each report on 5 domains and 27 parameters.ResultsThe results found that some media characteristics complied with the WHO media guidelines.Of all the reports studied,99.1% expressed the result of suicide exactly;99.6% referred to the suicide as a completed suicide but not a successful one;only one report attributed religious reason to the suicide.But there were a number of instances of non-compliance.For all the reports,11.3% were on the front page and 59.4% reported the suicide in a prominent way.Celebrity suicides were more often reported on front page and in a prominent way than others.There were 37.4% of the reports reporting with photos or images,68.7% reporting suicide method in detail,96.7% reporting suicide location,52.1% reporting mono-causality,6.2% reporting risk indicators, and 11.9% reporting mental disorder related to suicide,respectively.In addition,less than 4% of the reports included information on suicide prevention and helplines and 52.1% reported the suicide in a simplistic way.ConclusionThe majority of reports on suicides in newspapers in Guangzhou city did not comply with WHO standard guidelines of reporting.There is a strong need to evolve local guidelines and mechanisms for ensuring responsible reporting which has important implication in prevention of suicide.
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Key words:
- suicide /
- mass media /
- suicide report /
- health communication
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