Abstract: Objective To investigate influencing factors of sleep quality in residents and to evaluate the protective effect of resilience on the relationship between perceived stress and sleep quality.Methods Totally 1 471 residents aged 18 to 60 years in Lixia community of Ji'nan city of Shandong province were selected and assessed with the Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index Scale(PSQI), the 10-Item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, and the 10-Item Perceived Stress Scale.Mediating effect and moderating effect were analyzed with hierarchical regression analysis.Results The average PSQI scores was 4.73±3.09 among the residents and 33.92%of the residents reported poor sleep quality.The average scores of residents were 17.06±5.47 for perceived stress and 26.76±7.05 for psychological resilience.Perceived stress was significantly negatively correlated with psychological resilience(r=-0.463, P<0.01)and significantly positively correlated with total sleep quality score(r=0.332, P<0.01);psychological resilience was significantly negatively correlated with sleep quality score(r=-0.346, P<0.01).There were significant differences in sleep scores among the residents of different age, gender, marital status, and occupation(all P<0.05).Resilience partially mediated the effect of perceived stress on residents' sleep problems, with a mediated effect value of 0.11 and a relevant mediated effect proportion of 32.8%;resilience also moderated the association between perceived stress and sleep problems among the residents.Conclusion Perceived stress has both direct and indirect effect via psychological resilience on sleep quality and psychological resilience could buffer negative effect of perceived stress on sleep quality and is a protective factor for sleep quality among community residents.