Abstract: Objective To analyze the prevalence of chronic diseases and its influencing factors in the residents aged 15 years and above in urban and rural areas of Yunnan province in 2010-2012.Methods A total of 5 434 urban and rural residents aged 15 years and above were selected from Panlong,Gejiu,Shuifu,Menglian,Ninglang,and Luxi country of Yunnan with multi-stage random cluster sampling and investigated with a face-to-face questionnaire survey.Multiple factors analysis was performed with non-conditional logistic regression.Results Among the participants,the prevalence rate of overweight or obesity,hypertension,diabetes,dyslipidemia,and stroke were 16.2%,9.3%,13.3%,23.2%,and 0.8%,respectively,during 2010-2012.After adjusting for potential confounding factors,the results of logistic regression revealed that the risk factors of chronic diseases were Hani nationalities(odds ratioOR=2.885,P=0.000),with history of physical examination(OR=1.268,P=0.000),and drinking wine(OR= 1.315,P=0.038)and the protective factors were married(OR=0.502,P=0.000),Miao nationality(OR=0.609,P=0.035),living in poverty-stricken areas in Ninglang(OR=0.365,P=0.000) and Menglian(OR=0.551,P=0.007)county,non-smoker(OR=0.829,P=0.009),and strong alcohol-drinking(OR=0.734,P=0.002).Conclusion The prevalence of chronic diseases in residents aged 15 years and above in urban and rural areas of Yunnan province should be concerned and the prevalence was influenced by ethnicity,marital status,living area,history of physical examination,smoking,and alcohol use.