Abstract: Objective To explore the accessibility of hepatitis B vaccination service among adults in rural areas and to provide evidences for the improvement of coverage rate of vaccination.Methods A total of 4 020 adults aged 16-60 years were selected from 12 villages in 4 counties of Baoding and Shijiazhuang city with probability proportionate to size sampling and surveyed with a questionnaire.Results There were 93.0% of the adults living in the area <1 km from the nearest vaccination institution and 70.0% of the adults could get to the nearest vaccination institution within 5-10 minutes.The coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination in the adults decreased with the increase of time to reach the nearest injection institution from their living residence(P<0.01); the coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination was higher in the adults with a better self-evaluated economic status(24.3%)than those with a worse self-evaluated economic status(16.6%) and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The average score of knowledge about hepatitis B was higher in the adults with hepatitis B vaccination history than that in the adults without the vaccination history(12.8 vs.10.0),with a statistically significant difference(P<0.01); the coverage rate of hepatitis B vaccination was significantly different among the residents with different knowledge level about hepatitis B(P<0.01).Of all the adults 76.5% got vaccination information from village doctors and village cadres and 41.3% took the vaccination at village clinics.Conclusion New Rural Cooperative Medical Scheme should be involved and incentive mechanism should be promoted among village doctors to improve the accessibility of hepatitis B vaccination in rural adults.