Abstract: Objective To investigate effects of different cereal dietary fiber on lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity in mice fed with high fat/cholesterol diet.Methods Forty-eight male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into four groups according to body weight:a control group, high fat/cholesterol group,high fat/cholesterol+oat dietary fiber group,and high fat/cholesterol+wheat dietary fiber group.During the experiment,body weight and food intakes were recorded weekly.The blood samples were collected from angular vein every 8 weeks for measurements of serum total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),and blood glucose.After 24 weeks,the final fasting blood glucose,serum TC,TG,free fatty acids(FFAs), and liver homogenate TG were measured.Results Compared with those of the control group,the body weight(37.69±2.66 g),fasting blood glucose(8.21±2.06mmol/L),serum TC(2.69±0.45 mmol/L),TG(1.77±0.64 mmol/L) and FFAs(2.12±0.38 mEq/L) of high fat/cholesterol diet group were significantly increased(P<0.05 for all).Compared with those of the high fat/cholesterol diet group,the body weight(34.41±2.93 g and 34.43±1.72 g),serum TC(2.03±0.44 and 2.22±0.50 mmol/L),and serum TG(1.64±0.43 and 1.39±0.41 mmol/L) were significantly decreased in high fat/cholesterol+oat dietary fiber group and high fat/cholesterol+wheat dietary fiber group(P< 0.05 for all).Compared with that of the high fat/cholesterol diet group,the serum FFAs(1.75±0.49 mEq/L) was significantly decreased in the oat dietary fiber group(P<0.05).Conclusion Cereal dietary fiber can improve lipid metabolism and lipotoxicity in mice fed with high fat/cholesterol diet and the effects of oat dietary fiber on blood lipid and liver lipotoxicity is better than those of wheat dietary fiber.