Abstract: Objective To investigate the interactive effect of fundus atherosclerosis and family presbycusis history on the incidence of presbycusis and to provide a basis for the research of pathogenesis and genetics of elder deafness.Methods A based-hospital case-control study was carried out among 165 out-patients with presbycusis and 202 controls with normal hearing recruited in the Ear-Nose-Throat Department of Ninth Harbin Municipal Hospital between June 2013 through August 2014 with a questionnaire survey,fundus examination,and hearing test.Results The results of multivariate logistic regression showed that compared to those with neither fundus arteriosclerosis nor family presbycusis history,the participants with both fundus arteriosclerosis and family presbycusis history had a significantly higher risk of presbycusis,with the odds ratio(OR)of 17.57(95% confidence interval95%CI:4.57-67.57)after adjusting for age and sex and the OR of 10.69(95%CI:2.71-42.28) after adjusting for age,sex,smoking,alcohol consumption,education level,annual per capital income,hypertension,diabetes,coronary heart disease,and cerebrovascular disease;but no significant interactive effect of fundus arteriosclerosis and family presbycusis history on presbycusis was observed(OR=1.66;95%CI:0.25-10.94).Conclusion The coexistence of fundus arteriosclerosis and family presbycusis history is significantly associated with an increased risk of presbycusis but the effect of the two factors is not interactive.