Abstract: Hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection is a serious global public health problem and based on the prevalence rate of HBV infection,the world can be divided into high-,medium-,and low-epidemic regions.In countries with high prevalence of HBV infection,the most common route of infection is vertical transmission from mother to child.The HBV infection rate could be reduced by modifying relevant behaviors,promoting individual health education,detecting all blood donations,assuring asepsis in clinical practice,and screening on HBV infection indicators among all pregnant women.However,adoption of a safe and efficacious hepatitis B vaccine is the main way to prevent hepatitis B.A long-term viral hepatitis treatment program is still necessary to reduce the burden of hepatitis B-related disease.