Abstract: Objective To examine the prevalence and influencing factors of osteoporosis(OP) among rural women in Qiannan prefecture and to provide evidences for implementing corresponding interventions.Methods A total of 19973 rural female permanent residents(20-75 years old) were randomly selected using stratified multi-stage sampling from Qiannan prefecture of Guizhou province and surveyed with a face-to-face interview, physical examination, and bone mineral density test between March 2014 and June 2015.SAS 9.1 was used in data analyses.Results Totally 3392 OP cases were diagnosed and the prevalence rate of OP was 15.98% among the women surveyed.The prevalence rate of OP differed significantly by age and nationality(both P<0.01), with the rates of 4.00%, 4.65%, 17.12%, 23.45%, 28.79%, and 48.97% for the women aged 20-29, 30-39, 40-49, 50-59, and 60-75 years and the rates of 23.42%, 18.21%, 12.14%, and 12.56% for the women of Buyi, Miao, Shui, and Maonan nationality, respectively.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the main risk factors of OP were aged ≥50 years, being Buyi nationality, with delivery times of ≥3, with a menopause age of >15 years, living in a houses built with stones, and preference for pickled food and the protective factors of OP included with a body mass index(BMI) of ≥24.0 kg/m², alcohol drinking, drinking green tea, and preference for soy food and meat product, respectively.Conclusion High prevalence of OP is observed and the prevalence rate of OP increases with age and is mainly influenced by age, nationality, BMI, delivery times, menopause age, living environment, alcohol drinking, green tea drinking, and dietary patterns among the rural women living in minority regions of Qiannan prefecture.