Health literacy among urban and rural permanent residents in Beijing, 2012
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摘要: 目的 比较北京市城乡居民健康素养水平及影响因素,为制定干预策略提供参考。方法 采用分层多阶段随机抽样方法,确定11374名15~69岁常住人口为调查对象。采用自填与访谈相结合的方式,使用全国统一的《全国居民健康素养监测调查问卷》进行问卷调查。单因素分析使用χ2检验,多因素采用logistic回归分析,数据按照北京市六普人口数据进行标准化。结果 北京市城市居民健康素养水平为34.2%(3284/9592),标化率为27.2%;农村为14.2%(252/1770),标化率为9.3%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=278.822,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归结果显示,女性(OR=1.138)、大专及以上文化程度(OR=2.735~3.243)、年龄≥25岁(OR=1.398~1.824)、家庭年收入≥5万元(OR=1.532~1.797)、自我感知健康状况为一般(OR=1.415)、医务人员(OR=4.424)是城市居民健康素养水平的保护因素。高中/中专及以上文化程度(OR=3.025~6.123)、家庭年收入≥5万元(OR=1.785~2.400)、医务人员(OR=8.571)是农村居民健康素养水平的保护因素。无论是城市居民还是农村居民,患慢病(OR=0.866/0.697)均是健康素养水平的危险因素。结论 以农村居民、慢性病患病人群为重点人群,开展广泛的、有针对性的健康素养促进活动。Abstract: Objective To compare health literacy level and its influencing factors between urban and rural permanent residents in Beijing and to provide references for making intervention strategies.Methods With multi-stage stratified random sampling, a questionnaire survey on health literacy was conducted among 11374 permanent residents aged 15-69 years in Beijing.Chi-square test for univariate variables and logistic regression for multivariate variables were adopted in data analyses and the data were standardized according to the population statistics of the sixth census of Beijing.Results The health literacy rate of the urban and rural residents were 34.2%(3284/9592) and 14.2%(252/1770), and the standardized rates were 27.2% and 9.3%, respectively.Female(odds ratio [OR]=1.138), college or higher education(OR=2.735-3.243), aged 25 years and above(OR=1.398-1.824), family annual income of 50000 RMB yuan or more(OR=1.532-1.797), self awareness of general health(OR=1.415), and working as medical personnel(OR=4.424) were the protective factors of health literacy level in the urban residents.High school or secondary school or higher education(OR=3.025-6.123), family annual income of 50000 RMB yuan or more(OR=1.785-2.400), working as medical personnel(OR=8.571) were the protective factors of health literacy in the rural residents.Suffering from chronic disease(OR=0.866/0.697) was a risk factor of health literary in both urban and rural residents.Conclusion Various targeted health literacy promotion activities should be implemented, especially among rural residents and the residents with chronic diseases.
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Key words:
- health literacy /
- permanent resident /
- health education /
- influencing factor
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