Abstract: Objective To analyze the prevalence and influencing factors of smoking among urban and rural adult residents in Gansu province and to provide evidences for tobacco control.Methods Stratified multistage cluster sampling was adopted and 2 136 residents aged 15-69 years were selected from 8 districts and counties and surveyed with a questionnaire.Results Among the residents, the smoking rate was 35.67%;the current smoking rate was 30.85% and the current smoking rate in the males was significantly higher than that in the females(60.92% vs. 3.06%, P<0.01).The results of logistic stepwise regression analyses revealed that age and occupation were main influencing factors of smoking;the residents aged 35-44 and 45-54 years were more likely to smoke than the residents of other ages, with the odds ratio(OR) of 2.239 and 2.069, and farmers were more likely to smoke(OR=1.939) compared to the residents with other occupations.Conclusion The smoking rate is still very high among urban and rural male residents aged 15-69 years, especially in farmers, in Gansu province and effective tobacco control should be promoted among the populations.