Abstract: Objective To investigate influencing factors of osteoporosis(OP) among mid-aged and elderly residents in Chengdu municipality, and to provide reference for the prevention of osteoporosis.Methods Totally 654 residents aged ≥ 45 years were recruited from two communities in Chengdu and investigated between October to November 2013.A self-designed questionnaire was used in a face-to-face interview to collect information on demographics, medical history, exercise habits, and dietary patterns of the participants;standard height-weight scale was used in somatometry and Metriscan was adopted to measure bone mineral density(BMD) of 2nd, 3rd, and 4th fingers of non-dominant hand among the participants.Inflencing factors for OP were analyzed with unconditional logistic regression model.Results The results of unconditional logistic regression showed that age(odds ratioOR=1.110, 95% confidence interval95%CI:1.076-1.145), gender(OR=11.128;95%CI:5.366-23.075), fracture history(OR=1.895;95%CI:1.177-3.049), height(OR=0.910;95%CI:0.873-0.949), body weight(OR=0.964;95%CI:0.873-0.949), regular exercise(OR=0.398;95%CI:0.173-0.915), and milk onsumption(OR=0.547;95%CI:0.315-0.948) were significant impact factors for OP (all P<0.05).Conclusion The old age and fracture history are the risk factors of OP and women are more likely to develop OP than men;with higher height, heavy weight, regular exercise, and milk intake are protective factors of OP among mid-aged and elderly residents.