Abstract: Childhood sexual abuse(CSA) is a worldwide public health problem, which is not only harmful to physical and mental health of the victims in childhood, but also seriously influences the life, work, health, and behavior of the victims in adulthood.Under the premise of lacking effective prevention and control of CSA in China, this review analyzes the prevalence of CSA at home and abroad, and discusses the influence of CSA experience on adolescent physical and mental health and its possible mechanism in order to ring a wake-up call for the prevention of childhood sexual abuse in China, and to provide references to further in-depth study on the impact of CSA on victim's physical and mental health.