Abstract: Objective To examine the prevalence rate and risk factors of thyroid diseases among healthy populations in Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture(Qiannan region) of Guizhou province and to provide references for implementing related intervention programs.Methods Questionnaire survey,physical examination,laboratory test,and thyroid ultrasonography were conducted among 19 968 healthy physical examinees aged ≥18 years taking routine checkup at Medical Examination Center of Qiannan Prefecture Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 2012 to October 2015.SAS 9.1 was used in data analyses.Results The overall detection rate of thyroid diseases was 39.42% among all the participants.Of the 7 892 participants with thyroid diseases,4 312 (54.64%) were diagnosed as nodular goiter,1 983 (25.13%) hyperthyroidism,1 550 (19.64%) hypothyroidism,127 (1.61%) malignant thyroid tumor,107 (1.36%) thyroiditis,93 (1.18%) benign thyroid tumor,85 (1.08%) thyroid neoplasm,and 122 (1.55%) other type of thyroid diseases,respectively.The results of multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of thyroid diseases included female (odds ratioOR=5.168),aged 40-49 years (OR=3.529),Buyi nationality (OR=3.387),with primary school or lower education (OR=3.652),working as a civil servant (OR=3.521),with a body mass index of < 18.5 kg/ m² (OR=4.428),being lack of sleep for a long time (OR=3.032),long-term preference for salty food (OR=3.634),having an average salt intake of < 100 μg/ L (OR=3.384),dyslipidemia (OR=2.314),pathoglycemia (OR=2.542),and long-term anxiety (OR=3.118) among the participants.Conclusion The prevalence rate of thyroid diseases is at a high level among the adult healthy populations in Qiannan region of Guizhou province and the situation needs to be concerned.