Abstract: Objective To examine the prevalence situation and influencing factors of reproductive system diseases (RSDs) among married childbearing women in rural Qiannan area of Guizhou province for making effective interventions.Methods A total of 97 767 married reproductive women (aged 15-49 years) were randomly selected in rural Qiannan area with stratified multi-stage cluster sampling and surveyed with questionnaire interview,routine gynecological examination,pelvic ultrasonography,vagina secretion inspection,cervical smear test and exfoliocytology examination for the diagnosis of RSDs from January 2015 to March 2016.SAS 9.1 was used in data analyses.Results Among all the participants,the crude and standardized prevalence rate RSDs was 58.32% (57 021/97 767) and 57.21%.Of the participants with RSDs,50.27% (28 664) were identified with cervical disease,20.14% (13 765) with vulva disease,13.79% (7 865) with vaginal disease,7.69% (4 386) with accessory disease,and 4.11% (2 341) with uterine disease,respectively.The results of multivariate unconditioned logistic regression analysis showed that the risk factors of RSDs among the participants included aged 30-39 years,being Miao nationality,with the education of primary school and below,family per capita annual income of <3 000 RMB yuan,having menstrual cycle of less than 24 days,menorrhagia,dysmenorrhea,married before the age of 18 years,with a primiparous age of more than 25 years,having 2 or more pregnancies,having 2 or more deliveries,having 2 or more abortions,having 2 or more induced labors,having more than 9 sexual activities per month,having the history of natural labour with cesarean section,using intrauterine device for contraception,and with a famer husband.Conclusion Special attentions should be paid to the high prevalence rate of reproductive system diseases among married childbearing women in rural Qiannan area of Guizhou province.