Abstract: Objective To examine dietary pattern,nutritional status,and the prevalence of nutrition-related diseases among rural residents of Boluo county,and to provide a scientific basis for governmental policy making.Methods Multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select 450 families in the county and all members aged 2 years and above in the families were surveyed with a questionnaire interview,physical medical examination,and laboratory test.Results Of the 1 369 participants of the survey,1 257 had physical examination and laboratory detection.The questionnaire survey revealed that there were a severe deficit for milk and milk products intake,a moderate deficit for vegetable intake,and an excessive intake of meat and its products among the participants.The rate of abdominal obesity was 37.6% and the prevalences of malnutrition,overweight and obesity were 6.6%,24.7%,and 9.0%;the prevalences of hypertension,diabetes,impaired glucose tolerance,and dyslipidemia were 12.5%,6.1%,4.6%,and 31.1%,respectively,among the participants aged 18 years and above.The prevalence of anemia was 11.1% among the participants aged 6 years and above.Conclusion The dietary pattern is irrational among the residents of Boluo county.The prevalence rates of hypertension,diabetes,overweight,obesity,dyslipidemia,and other nutrition-related disease are high,suggesting effective intervening measures are warranted.